A California congressman is calling for greater oversight of behavior-modification schools in foreign countries that serve U.S. students, after authorities abruptly shut down several facilities in Mexico.

Mexican officials closed Casa by the Sea, a 538-student school in Ensenada, Mexico, that specializes in behavior modification for troubled teenagers, on Sept. 10, along with two smaller schools nearby that worked with youths with drug addictions and other challenges. Most students at th...